Smoothbore hunting ammunition – a historical overview

Hunting of roe deer and wild boar in Germany: Is non-lead ammunition suitable for hunting?

BACKGROUND Non-lead hunting ammunition is an alternative to bullets that contain lead. The use of lead ammunition can result in severe contamination of game meat, thus posing a health risk to consumers. With any kind of ammunition for hunting, the terminal effectiveness of bullets is an animal welfare issue. Doubts about the effectiveness of non-lead bullets for a humane kill of game animals in...

RTV4HCI: A Historical Overview

Epigenetics: a historical overview.

In the first half of the twentieth century, developmental biology and genetics were separate disciplines. The word epigenetics was coined by Waddington to link the two fields. Epigenetics could be broadly defined as the sum of all those mechanisms necessary for the unfolding of the genetic programme for development. Several decades later specific mechanisms were proposed in which information wa...

Discovering Metals— A Historical Overview

THE ANCIENT WORLD passed from the Stone Age through the Bronze and Iron Ages to our modern developed society—a society that is dependent on metals and alloys for its very existence. However, an impressive body of metallurgical knowledge developed in the thousands of years since ancient man first found copper and became curious enough to investigate the behavior of this naturally occurring, rela...

Neonatal hematology: a historical overview

Ancient concepts of the blood were described by Hippocrates and Galen 2000 years ago in their doctrine of “humors.” It was believed that the body was made up of four humors – blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile – and that these four componentshadthequalitiesofheat(“hot-blooded!”),cold, moist, and dry. The Galenic concept of the blood prevailed through the Middle Ages. Health or disease w...